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2022

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Subarnas, Anas

Ricin in Castor Bean (Ricinus Communis L.) Seeds: A Review on Its Anticancer Activity and the Role of Cytotoxicity Enhancers

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Authors

Irma Erika Herawati ¹, Jutti Levita ¹, Ronny Lesmana ², Anas Subarnas ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java,, ID
2 Physiology Molecular Laboratory, Central Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java,, ID

Source

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 15, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 405-408

Abstract

Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are toxins that are capable to permanently inhibit the synthesis of protein. RIP type II is a heterodimeric protein consisting of an A subunit linked to a lectin-like B chain by a disulfide bridge. Ricin contained in the seeds of Ricinus communis L. is a type II RIP which possesses cytotoxicity activity. However, due to the non-selectivity of the B-lectin chain, ricin needs delivering-vehicles to enhance its cytotoxicity. This article is devoted to reviewing the anticancer activity of ricin in castor bean seeds (a plant type II RIPs) and its various types of cytotoxicity enhancers.

Keywords

apoptosis, autophagy, lectin, Ribosome-inactivating protein.

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Apigenin: Review of Mechanisms of Action as Antimalarial

Abstract Views :115 | PDF Views:0

Authors

Faizal Hermanto ¹, Anas Subarnas ¹, Afifah B. Sutjiatmo ², Afiat Berbudi ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java,, ID
2 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani, West Java,, ID
3 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Parasitology Division, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java,, ID

Source

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, Vol 15, No 1 (2022), Pagination: 458-466

Abstract

Apigenin is a natural compound that is present in a number of plants such as celery, parsley, grapes, chamomile, onions, maize, tea, sugar, and sprouts belonging to the flavone subclass of flavonoid. Like vitamins, anti-inflammatory medications, vasodilators, anticoagulation, antidiabetes, anticancer, antimalarial drugs, apigenin has many pharmacological functions. The main therapeutic agent for malarial disease is apigenin, based on in vitro, in vivo, and silico research. The purpose of the review is to describe the mechanism of apigenin as an antimalarial agent. Apigenin has antimalarial mechanisms that are confirmed to induce ABCC1 transporters, inhibit protein kinase (Pf RIO-2 kinase) (right open reading frame-2 protein kinase), and act as an antioxidant.

Keywords

Plasmodium falciparum, Flavonoid, Apigenin, Antimalarial, Antioxidant.

Full Text

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